Haleakalā National Park, located on the Hawaiian island of Maui, is renowned for its striking volcanic landscapes and unique ecosystems. Spanning from sea level to the summit at 10,023 feet (3,055 meters), the park encompasses a variety of biomes that host an array of endemic plant and animal species. Keep on reading to learn more about the biomes at Haleakalā National Park
Subalpine Shrubland
The subalpine shrubland biome, found at elevations between 6,500 and 9,500 feet, is characterized by a mixture of shrubs, grasses, and herbaceous plants. This biome supports a variety of bird species, including the ʻuaʻu (Hawaiian petrel) and endemic plants such as the silversword (ʻāhinahina).
Alpine Desert
The alpine desert biome, present above 9,500 feet, is defined by its sparse vegetation, which includes hardy mosses, lichens, and a few specialized plants. This harsh environment supports few animal species, primarily insects adapted to the extreme conditions.
Rainforest
The rainforest biome at lower elevations, particularly on the windward side of the park, teems with a rich diversity of plant and animal life. Giant ferns, native trees, and a variety of understory plants thrive here, providing habitat for Hawaiian honeycreepers, forest birds, and invertebrates.
Coastal Scrub
The coastal scrub biome occurs at the park's lower elevations and is characterized by salt-tolerant shrubs, grasses, and succulents. This biome supports coastal bird species, insects, and other wildlife adapted to the dry, often windy environment.
Grasslands
In some areas, especially in the park's Kipahulu District, grasslands can be found. This biome is characterized by native grasses and provides important habitats for grazing species, occasional birds, and insects.